
The transition zones between different ecosystems are known as ecotones. The most studied ecotones are ones that involve transitions between woody and non-woody vegetation. You would find these in alpine tree lines, coastal dunes and grasslands. Ecotones can be caused my both abiotic and biotic factors for example maintenance of positive carbon balance and competition, respectively. Myster and Malahy designed a study that was focused on the Cross Timbers ecotone in Oklahoma—the boundary between the eastern deciduous forest and the Great Plains grasslands.